Reports and articles

Escaping isn’t for everyone: How Kurdish smugglers navigate checkpoints
Research Florian Weigand Research Florian Weigand

Escaping isn’t for everyone: How Kurdish smugglers navigate checkpoints

This Working Paper looks at how smugglers navigate state and insurgent checkpoints in the Kurdish region of Iran. Through bribes that secure negotiated passages or using modified cars that enable evasion and circumventions, Kurdish smugglers co-produce contingent informal orders that vary significantly across these spatial nodes of power along illegal trade routes.

Read More