Reports and articles
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Citizens without states: the implications of non-recognition for people in de facto states
This paper examine the impact of non-recognition of de facto authorities on the people living in these territories. Arguing that the negative social, economic and well being impacts are profound, it urges for a re-think approaches to de facto authority.
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Crime and communities: life under criminal group control
This paper argues that we should not see ‘political’ and ‘criminal’ groups as separate categories. Instead, we should envision a spectrum of motives and practices across all armed groups, regardless of how they are labelled.
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Understanding agency in civilian-armed group interactions
This joint paper with ODI explores what we know (and what we don’t) about how ordinary people engage with armed groups.